China witnessed a surge in hydro and solar power contributions to its electricity mix, even as the nation’s total electricity consumption soared to record highs, marking a 10% increase to 209 billion kilowatt-hours compared to the same period last year. The manufacturing sector played a major role in this surge, consuming an additional 112 billion kWh as factories increased operations after previous lockdowns.

The service sector and residential users also contributed notably to the increased power usage, with 53 billion kWh and 41 billion kWh respectively. The agriculture and mining sectors added another 3 billion kWh, indicating a widespread demand across various industries.

Shift Towards Renewable Energy

Despite the surge, China’s move towards renewable energy is evident. Electricity generation from large-scale power plants rose by 166 billion kWh, marking an 8% increase, with a significant portion generated by thermal power plants, primarily coal-fired, contributing an additional 108 billion kWh. However, renewable sources like wind farms, solar generators, and hydroelectric plants also increased their output, adding 34 billion kWh, 17 billion kWh, and 7 billion kWh respectively.

Hydroelectric Power Sees Rebound

The persistent drought in southern China affected hydroelectric power but early and heavy spring rains in 2024 have begun to alleviate this situation. This change is expected to significantly boost hydro output starting May. These rains play a crucial part in the hydrological cycle of southern China, which holds 81% of the country’s total water resources.

While China had to depend heavily on coal-fired power through the winter of 2023/2024, the rapid expansion of solar power installations, which have doubled since 2021 and quadrupled since 2018, is poised to play a pivotal role in catering to the country’s increasing electricity needs. This expansion, coupled with a recovery in hydro generation, is anticipated to lessen the reliance on coal.

China’s massive growth in electricity consumption requires a mixed approach of utilizing coal and renewable energy sources. Although coal usage is expected to rise in the near term, the scale of renewable energy deployments is starting to reduce the dependence on coal and emissions. This strategy aligns with China’s objective to peak emissions before the end of the decade, showing commitment to a sustainable and resilient energy future.

Image Source: South China Morning Post